Opi Gelcolor - You Dont Know Jacques 0.5 Oz - #gcf15
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving-picture show characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had then much going on behind the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In laurels of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drape and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the honey motion-picture show a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'southward Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a part in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a v-calendar week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for beingness as well scary for audiences.
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-twelvemonth-quondam Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more than like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — Due west W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many similar to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's really 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred choice for fake snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Can Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup experience was better than Ebsen'due south, he still had some problems. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a prophylactic prosthetic, complete with a woven blueprint that mimicked the wait of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'south confront that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Prepare
In a outburst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the starting time take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor likewise early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Nearly as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — cheers to the magic of piano wires.
Still, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on homo marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Motion-picture show Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Merely what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'due south career was most cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'southward tearful reprise of the vocal was left on the cut room floor.
The Tin can Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so potent that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same upshot with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't assist folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, merely traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin can Human, acquired him a world of problems. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the part with Jack Haley (and inverse upwards the makeup), but didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the last film, his vocals tin can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that actually concur upwards. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special furnishings team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is simply a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to make it look like the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her operation. The film went on to make roughly $eight 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'southward — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the motion picture's success. Fifty-fifty more than discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $fifty per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's King of beasts Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'due south championship bill of fare — every bit the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the safe of the actors and the creature, the filmmakers decided to cast role player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animal, the costume section fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent lion pare. All the same, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands stale the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's well-nigh $50 million adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the moving picture only earned $3 one thousand thousand at the box office — near $51.viii 1000000 by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $8 one thousand thousand with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz'due south modest success in the U.Southward. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Fourth dimension Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was simply 16 years one-time when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to assist them sleep afterward studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length blithe moving picture Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a nail-hitting. Not just did the picture revolutionize the animation manufacture, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwards Snow White — then the nigh successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Magician of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Homo's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would actually popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM'southward chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in most 2,300 sequins.
Ane of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your classic run a risk story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is 1 of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can oftentimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Man spouts out all of that steam.
After ane of the Witch'due south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to find one that resembled the original canine player more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to prefer the domestic dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her graphic symbol was more than than just your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than 35 years after the pic debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her almost the character.
According to Hamilton, the and so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was also a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Cheers to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Human and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a different colour" was fabricated possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move chop-chop — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the merely interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn wagon was in one case owned past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy pic. To keep upwardly with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. About actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morn — six days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Make full the Flick
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history likewise. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that homo behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'southward no place like domicile" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oft misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the film is incredible. Similar the "horse of a different colour" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Presently after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cherry slippers from the young daughter's feet. Yet, fire strikes the Witch's easily, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to get in wait more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was role fun and function trouble-solving for filmmakers. In guild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oft heated the prepare up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set up, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on flick, especially in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Can Man is and so excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W'south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the curt-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the W and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the E — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the reddish slippers. The restored version of the picture makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Pic's Running Time Was Cut Downwards Several Times
The first cut of the moving-picture show clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterward cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the motion-picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human being becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West operation too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Merely non everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the motion-picture show's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a printing tour the 24-hour interval of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the unabridged pic was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was information technology a minor syntactical faux pas?
It'southward widely believed this was a fleck of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Nigh-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (Yous may have heard of that little movie — it'due south called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'due south musical fantasy may have more than staying power than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The film was first circulate on television set on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual boob tube screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/entertainment/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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